What is 3D animation?
3D animation is the process of making characters and objects move in a three-dimensional digital space using techniques such as rigging, keyframing, and motion capture.
Unlike 2D animation, which takes place on a flat plane, 3D animation gives objects depth, allowing a camera to move around them and view them from different angles.
How does 3D animation work?
A typical 3D animation workflow includes these steps:
- Model and rig the character: Create the character and prepare its digital skeleton in an external tool such as Maya, 3ds Max, or Blender
- Export the model and rig: Export the character and its rig, commonly as an FBX file, so they can be imported into Unity
- Import into Unity: Unity’s animation system, Mecanim, manages animation clips through an Animator Controller, which can blend between states such as idle, walk, and run and retarget humanoid animations from one character to another
For a deeper walkthrough of retargeting, animation cleanup, and common problems, see Unity’s guide to animation.
How is 3D animation used?
In games, 3D animation brings characters, enemies, and NPCs to life through movement such as walking, running, combat, and facial expressions. Outside of entertainment, the same techniques are used in architectural walkthroughs, medical training simulations, and product visualizations, where believable movement can make real-time 3D experiences more engaging and informative than static models.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
What is the difference between 2D and 3D animation?
2D animation takes place on a flat, two-dimensional plane, while 3D animation creates characters and objects with depth in a three-dimensional space, allowing a camera to view them from different angles.
What software is used to create 3D animation for Unity?
Character models and animation clips are typically created in external tools such as Blender, Maya, or 3ds Max, then exported and imported into Unity. Unity’s Animator and Mecanim system can then be used to organize, blend, and control animations. For a hands-on walkthrough, see Unity’s Introduction to 3D Animation Systems course.
Should I use Mecanim or Unity’s Legacy Animation system?
Mecanim is recommended for most new projects, particularly those using humanoid characters. Unity’s Legacy Animation system is primarily maintained for compatibility with older projects and content.